A public speaking reference by Speak Sense

The Speak Sense
Dictionary

100 public speaking terms.
Explained without the textbook voice.

100 terms

A8 entries

Alliteration

Simple definitionThe repetition of the same opening sound in nearby words.

Speak Sense definitionA little sound pattern that makes a line linger.

In practice‘Clear, confident communication’ repeats the hard c sound.

Analogy

Simple definitionA comparison used to explain an unfamiliar idea through a familiar one.

Speak Sense definitionA bridge from ‘What?’ to ‘Oh, I see.’

Anecdote

Simple definitionA short, relevant story used to illustrate a point.

Speak Sense definitionEvidence wearing a human face.

In practiceOpen a talk on resilience with one specific moment when a plan failed.

Antithesis

Simple definitionA rhetorical structure that places contrasting ideas side by side.

Speak Sense definitionTwo opposites sharing one sharp sentence.

In practice‘We need fewer promises and more progress.’

Articulation

Simple definitionThe clear formation and pronunciation of speech sounds.

Speak Sense definitionHelping every syllable arrive with its shoes tied.

Audience Adaptation

Simple definitionAdjusting a message to suit the audience’s knowledge, needs and expectations.

Speak Sense definitionSame idea. Different room. Better fit.

Audience Analysis

Simple definitionLearning who your listeners are before deciding what and how to speak.

Speak Sense definitionReading the room before the room reads you.

Audience Engagement

Simple definitionTechniques that hold attention and involve listeners in the message.

Speak Sense definitionTurning people from seat-fillers into participants.

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B3 entries

Body Language

Simple definitionThe nonverbal messages communicated through posture, movement, expression and gesture.

Speak Sense definitionEverything your body says while your mouth is busy.

Breathing

Simple definitionThe controlled use of breath to support voice, pace and calm.

Speak Sense definitionThe speaking tool you already own and occasionally forget to use.

Bridging

Simple definitionA technique for moving from a question or topic to the key message you need to address.

Speak Sense definitionAnswer the question, then steer the conversation somewhere useful.

C10 entries

Call to Action

Simple definitionA clear statement telling the audience what to do next.

Speak Sense definitionThe point where a good idea gets a pair of shoes.

Cadence

Simple definitionThe rhythm and flow created by patterns of sound, stress and pause.

Speak Sense definitionThe musical shape of a sentence, minus the singing.

Chunking

Simple definitionBreaking complex information into smaller, meaningful groups.

Speak Sense definitionGiving the audience ideas in bites they can actually chew.

Clarity

Simple definitionThe quality of making a message easy to understand.

Speak Sense definitionWhen the audience gets your point without assembling it themselves.

Closing

Simple definitionThe final part of a speech that reinforces the message and creates a clear ending.

Speak Sense definitionNot ‘So, yeah… that’s it.’ An ending that knows it is an ending.

Concision

Simple definitionExpressing an idea fully with no unnecessary words.

Speak Sense definitionSay enough. Then stop.

Confidence

Simple definitionA speaker’s belief in their ability to communicate effectively.

Speak Sense definitionNot the absence of nerves—the decision to speak anyway.

Conversational Tone

Simple definitionA natural speaking style that feels direct, clear and human.

Speak Sense definitionPrepared enough to be useful. Relaxed enough to sound alive.

Contrast

Simple definitionPlacing different ideas, images or outcomes together to make a distinction clear.

Speak Sense definitionShowing the gap so the point stands out.

Credibility

Simple definitionThe audience’s perception that a speaker is trustworthy and knowledgeable.

Speak Sense definitionWhy people believe the message before they repeat it.

D4 entries

Debate

Simple definitionA structured exchange in which opposing positions are argued and examined.

Speak Sense definitionDisagreement with a clock, rules and—ideally—listening.

Delivery

Simple definitionThe way a speech is presented through voice, pace, expression and movement.

Speak Sense definitionThe difference between having a point and making it land.

Diction

Simple definitionThe choice and pronunciation of words in speech.

Speak Sense definitionChoosing words that fit the thought—and saying them so they survive the journey.

Disfluency

Simple definitionA break in smooth speech, such as repetition, hesitation or a filler sound.

Speak Sense definitionA small verbal speed bump. Usually less dramatic than it feels.

E6 entries

Elevator Pitch

Simple definitionA brief, persuasive explanation of an idea, role or venture.

Speak Sense definitionYour big idea before the imaginary lift reaches its floor.

Emphasis

Simple definitionExtra vocal or verbal weight placed on an important word or idea.

Speak Sense definitionA spotlight for the part you do not want missed.

Ethos

Simple definitionPersuasion based on the speaker’s credibility, character or authority.

Speak Sense definitionTrust doing some of the talking.

Executive Presence

Simple definitionThe ability to communicate with composure, clarity and credibility in leadership settings.

Speak Sense definitionCalm authority—without borrowing someone else’s personality.

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Extemporaneous Speaking

Simple definitionSpeaking from preparation and brief notes rather than a fully written script.

Speak Sense definitionPlanned thinking with room to sound human.

Eye Contact

Simple definitionLooking at listeners to build connection and monitor their response.

Speak Sense definitionLooking at your audience without making them wonder whether you’re staring at them.

F4 entries

Facial Expression

Simple definitionThe use of the face to communicate emotion, attitude and response.

Speak Sense definitionThe subtitle track your face provides for free.

Feedback

Simple definitionSpecific information about what worked and what could improve in a performance.

Speak Sense definitionA mirror with useful notes in the margin.

Filler Word

Simple definitionA word or sound used to fill a pause while thinking, such as ‘um’, ‘like’ or ‘basically’.

Speak Sense definitionThe ‘umm’, ‘basically’, ‘like’ and ‘you know’ that appear while your brain is still loading the next sentence.

Flow

Simple definitionThe smooth, logical movement from one idea to the next.

Speak Sense definitionWhen nobody can see the joins.

G2 entries

Gesture

Simple definitionA purposeful movement of the hands or body that supports meaning.

Speak Sense definitionPunctuation you can see.

Grounding

Simple definitionA technique for becoming physically steady and mentally present before or during speaking.

Speak Sense definitionFeet on the floor. Mind in the room.

H2 entries

Hook

Simple definitionAn opening device designed to capture attention quickly.

Speak Sense definitionThe reason people look up before you reach slide two.

Humour

Simple definitionThe use of amusement or wit to build connection, ease tension or support a point.

Speak Sense definitionA door into the message—not the whole building.

I4 entries

Impromptu Speaking

Simple definitionSpeaking with little or no advance preparation.

Speak Sense definitionSpeaking without preparation and making it look like you planned it that way.

Inflection

Simple definitionA change in vocal pitch that adds meaning, emotion or emphasis.

Speak Sense definitionThe rise and fall that keeps a sentence from lying flat.

Introduction

Simple definitionThe opening section that establishes the topic, purpose and direction of a speech.

Speak Sense definitionA proper welcome for the idea you are about to bring into the room.

Interruption Handling

Simple definitionThe ability to respond to disruptions without losing composure or direction.

Speak Sense definitionPause, respond, return. No wrestling match required.

J1 entry

Jargon

Simple definitionSpecialised language used by a particular profession or group.

Speak Sense definitionUseful shorthand for insiders. A locked door for everyone else.

K2 entries

Key Message

Simple definitionThe central idea the audience should understand and remember.

Speak Sense definitionIf they remember one thing, make sure it is this.

Keynote

Simple definitionA featured speech that sets a central theme or perspective for an event.

Speak Sense definitionThe talk expected to open a bigger conversation.

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L3 entries

Leadership Communication

Simple definitionCommunication that gives direction, builds trust and helps people act with shared understanding.

Speak Sense definitionMaking the path clear without shouting from the front.

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Listening

Simple definitionGiving focused attention to understand another person’s words, meaning and intent.

Speak Sense definitionThe communication skill that happens while you are not speaking.

Logos

Simple definitionPersuasion through logic, evidence and clear reasoning.

Speak Sense definitionThe part of your argument that can show its working.

M4 entries

Message Map

Simple definitionA visual structure that organises one core message and its supporting points.

Speak Sense definitionA route plan for the idea—before it takes an unexpected detour.

Metaphor

Simple definitionA figure of speech that describes one thing as another to create meaning or imagery.

Speak Sense definitionA shortcut from explanation to imagination.

Modulation

Simple definitionIntentional variation in pitch, pace, volume and tone.

Speak Sense definitionGiving your voice more than one setting.

Monotone

Simple definitionSpeech delivered with little variation in pitch or expression.

Speak Sense definitionWhen every sentence arrives wearing the same grey suit.

N3 entries

Narrative

Simple definitionA connected account of events shaped into a meaningful sequence.

Speak Sense definitionFacts with direction, consequence and a reason to keep listening.

Nonverbal Communication

Simple definitionMeaning conveyed without words through expression, posture, movement, space and voice qualities.

Speak Sense definitionThe message travelling beside the message.

Note Cards

Simple definitionSmall prompts used to support a speaker without scripting every word.

Speak Sense definitionHelpful road signs—not a novel in tiny handwriting.

O3 entries

Objective

Simple definitionThe specific result a speaker wants a presentation to achieve.

Speak Sense definitionWhat should be different when you finish talking?

Opening

Simple definitionThe first moments of a speech, used to gain attention and establish direction.

Speak Sense definitionYour first chance to make listening feel worthwhile.

Outline

Simple definitionA planned sequence of main ideas and supporting points.

Speak Sense definitionThe skeleton that stops a speech becoming a puddle.

P9 entries

Pace

Simple definitionThe speed at which someone speaks.

Speak Sense definitionFast enough to move. Slow enough to arrive.

Parallelism

Simple definitionUsing matching grammatical structures to give ideas rhythm and balance.

Speak Sense definitionDifferent thoughts marching in the same formation.

Pathos

Simple definitionPersuasion that appeals to emotion and shared human experience.

Speak Sense definitionThe reason an argument is felt, not only understood.

Pause

Simple definitionA deliberate moment of silence within a speech.

Speak Sense definitionA little silence that can sometimes say a lot.

Persuasion

Simple definitionCommunication intended to influence beliefs, attitudes or actions.

Speak Sense definitionHelping someone see the path—and want to take it.

Pitch

Simple definitionThe highness or lowness of the voice, or a concise persuasive presentation of an idea.

Speak Sense definitionContext matters: your voice can have one, and your business can too.

Presentation Skills

Simple definitionThe combined skills used to plan, structure and deliver information effectively to an audience.

Speak Sense definitionMaking the slides, words and person at the front work as one team.

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Projection

Simple definitionUsing breath and resonance so the voice carries clearly without strain.

Speak Sense definitionReaching the back row without starting a shouting contest.

Public Speaking

Simple definitionThe act of delivering a structured message to an audience.

Speak Sense definitionOne person, one message and a room full of reasons to make it clear.

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Q3 entries

Q&A

Simple definitionA session in which audience members ask questions and the speaker responds.

Speak Sense definitionThe part where the presentation begins talking back.

Questioning

Simple definitionUsing questions to gather information, guide thought or involve an audience.

Speak Sense definitionA well-placed question can do more work than another explanation.

Quotable Line

Simple definitionA concise, memorable sentence designed to capture a key idea.

Speak Sense definitionA thought with handles, ready to be carried away.

R6 entries

Rapport

Simple definitionA sense of trust, ease and connection between speaker and audience.

Speak Sense definitionWhen the room starts feeling like a conversation.

Rebuttal

Simple definitionA reasoned response that challenges an opposing argument or evidence.

Speak Sense definitionDisagreeing with the point, not declaring war on the person.

Rehearsal

Simple definitionPractising a speech to improve content, timing and delivery.

Speak Sense definitionWhere the awkward bits introduce themselves before the audience does.

Repetition

Simple definitionRepeating a word, phrase or idea to reinforce meaning and memory.

Speak Sense definitionSay it again—when saying it again earns its place.

Resonance

Simple definitionThe richness and carrying quality created as sound vibrates through the vocal tract.

Speak Sense definitionThe part of voice that makes it feel full rather than forced.

Rhetorical Question

Simple definitionA question asked to provoke thought rather than obtain a spoken answer.

Speak Sense definitionA question that already knows why it came.

S9 entries

Signposting

Simple definitionWords or phrases that show where a speech is going and how ideas connect.

Speak Sense definition‘First’, ‘next’ and ‘finally’: tiny signs that keep listeners from getting lost.

Silence

Simple definitionThe intentional absence of speech used for emphasis, thought or emotional space.

Speak Sense definitionNot empty. Just doing quieter work.

Sound Bite

Simple definitionA brief, memorable statement that expresses a larger idea clearly.

Speak Sense definitionA message built to survive outside the speech.

Speech Anxiety

Simple definitionNervousness or fear experienced before or during public speaking.

Speak Sense definitionYour body preparing for danger when the danger is mostly a microphone.

Speech Structure

Simple definitionThe organised arrangement of an opening, main ideas, transitions and closing.

Speak Sense definitionGiving every idea a place—and preventing three endings.

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Stage Presence

Simple definitionThe ability to hold attention through composure, energy, movement and connection.

Speak Sense definitionBeing fully in the room before asking the room to be with you.

Storytelling

Simple definitionUsing characters, events and change to communicate an idea through story.

Speak Sense definitionMeaning with a beginning, a turn and somewhere to land.

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Stress

Simple definitionExtra vocal emphasis placed on a syllable, word or phrase.

Speak Sense definitionChanging which word matters can change what the sentence means.

Summarising

Simple definitionRestating the essential points in a shorter, clearer form.

Speak Sense definitionThe speech, packed for the journey home.

T6 entries

Tempo

Simple definitionThe overall rhythmic speed and movement of delivery.

Speak Sense definitionThe pace with a pulse.

Thesis

Simple definitionThe main claim or controlling idea of a speech.

Speak Sense definitionThe sentence every other sentence should be working for.

Timing

Simple definitionManaging duration, pauses and the placement of key moments in a speech.

Speak Sense definitionKnowing when to speak, when to stop and when five minutes really means five.

Tone

Simple definitionThe attitude or emotional quality communicated through words and voice.

Speak Sense definitionHow the message feels while it is being heard.

Transition

Simple definitionA phrase, sentence or device that connects one section or idea to the next.

Speak Sense definitionA doorway between thoughts—not a trapdoor.

Triad

Simple definitionA group of three parallel words, phrases or ideas used for rhythm and emphasis.

Speak Sense definitionThree has a way of sounding complete, confident and memorable.

V3 entries

Vocal Variety

Simple definitionVariation in pitch, pace, volume, tone and pause to sustain meaning and interest.

Speak Sense definitionThe cure for reading every sentence on the same shelf.

Voice

Simple definitionThe sound produced for speech and the distinctive style through which a person communicates.

Speak Sense definitionYour instrument and your point of view, sharing one word.

Volume

Simple definitionThe perceived loudness or softness of the voice.

Speak Sense definitionEnough sound to reach people. Not enough to rearrange the furniture.

W2 entries

Warm-up

Simple definitionExercises that prepare the voice, body and attention before speaking.

Speak Sense definitionA few minutes that tell your voice the meeting has started.

Word Choice

Simple definitionSelecting words that suit the meaning, audience and occasion.

Speak Sense definitionThe difference between a sentence that merely arrives and one that lands.

X1 entry

X-Factor

Simple definitionAn informal term for a distinctive quality that makes a speaker compelling or memorable.

Speak Sense definitionHard to name, impossible to borrow, usually rooted in being genuinely yourself.

Y1 entry

Yes, And

Simple definitionAn improvisation principle that accepts what has been offered and adds to it.

Speak Sense definitionA way to keep an idea moving instead of closing the door with ‘but’.

Z1 entry

Zoom Presentation

Simple definitionA presentation delivered through a video-conferencing platform to a remote audience.

Speak Sense definitionPublic speaking, now with mute buttons, tiny rectangles and a camera at eye level.

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